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HOW TO USE A MICROMETER

HOW TO USE A MICROMETERMany devices can be used to ensure that dimensions are correct, with varying degrees of accuracy. Tape measures, calipers, optical comparators, and many more types of measuring tools can be used to make measurements. One of the most notable and accurate tools for measuring is the micrometer. A micrometer is a powerful tool for checking dimensions, but understanding exactly what a micrometer is, what it can be used for, and how to use it is essential to make accurate measurements. What is a Micrometer?A micrometer is a measuring device used to measure flat surfaces or different geometries. For example, the inner diameter or thickness of a pipe. A micrometer consists primarily of a sleeve with a scale, a thimble with a scale, a Vernier scale (or just one digital scale), and two surfaces, known as the anvil and the spindle. The thimble and the spindle are connected to a high precision screw that is used to move the spindle to precise and measurable distances. Micrometers are finite in the distances that can be used to measure. They are usually broken out into different sizes in 1 inch or 25mm windows (e.g. 1”-2” micrometer, 2”-3” micrometer, 125mm-150mm micrometer, etc.). The three primary types of micrometers are: Inside micrometers – used to measure inner dimensions.Outside micrometers – used to measure outside dimensions.Depth micrometers – used to measure depth dimensions.Micrometer with labeled partsSourceHow to Use a MicrometerDifferent types of micrometers require very slightly different operating procedures. This section will focus only on an outside metric micrometer.  Make sure that the object being measured is secure either through clamping or some type of fixturing.With the part held stead, the appropriately sized micrometer can be picked up and loosened with the thimble until the spindle and the anvil can be placed outside of the surfaces on the part that is being measured.Once this has been accomplished, the thimble can be turned clockwise to begin to move the spindle towards the part. The spindle and the anvil should begin to both press against the part. Excessive forced should not be applied to the thimble here. Too much force can skew measurements to be smaller than the actual dimensions of the part. Many micrometers have a ratchet on the thimble that prevents this from happening.Once the anvil and the spindle have been placed into simultaneous contact with the part, you are now ready to read the scale of the micrometer.How to Read the Micrometer ScaleMicrometer scale There are two main types of micrometer scale systems available: a traditional scale system and a digital scale system. A traditional scale system consists of two to three different scales on the micrometer that, when used together, display to the user of the micrometer the measurement of the part being evaluated. They are known as the sleeve scale, the barrel scale, and the Vernier scale. The Vernier scale may not be present on every micrometer but does offer additional precision (note: operation differs from Vernier Calipers). To illustrate how to read a traditional scale system, see below example (in reference to the image above): The first part of the measurement is determined by the micrometer type. Assume the micrometer scales in the image below are part of a 100mm to 125mm micrometer. This gives a base measurement of 100mm. As the thimble is turned, the barrel scale moves across the sleeve scale and the Vernier scale. The sleeve scale in the image above (the bottom left scale) determines the next two digits of the measurement and the first decimal, which comes out to be 05.5mm. After determining that, the barrel scale is used to obtain additional decimal millimeter measurements (the tenth and the hundredth decimals) that will be added to the 105.5mm already measured on the sleeve scale. Using the barrel scale (the scale on the right), it is found that the first two decimals are 0.28mm. Currently, the total measurement is 105.78mm, however, the Vernier scale (the top left scale) provides even more precision. The Vernier scale measurement can be determined by finding the line on the Vernier scale that best lines up with any of the lines on the barrel scale. In this case, that number is 3, which translates to 0.003mm. Summing up the micrometer type (100mm base), the sleeve scale measurement (5.5mm), the barrel scale (0.28mm), and the Vernier scale (0.003mm), gives a total measurement of 105.783mm. Digital MicrometerA digital micrometer, on the other hand, is much easier to read. There are still all the same parts, but the major difference is that as the thimble is turned, a digital readout is produced. Digital micrometers provide a great advantage in terms of time savings and reduction in operator error. However, in general they are more expensive.

How long is the salt spray test equivalent to the natural environment for one hour?

The salt spray test is divided into two categories, one is the natural environmental exposure test, and the other is the artificial accelerated simulated salt spray environment test. The artificial simulated salt spray environment test uses a test equipment with a certain volume space, the salt spray test chamber, to artificially use the salt spray environment in the volume space to assess the salt spray corrosion resistance quality of the product. .The artificial simulated salt spray test includes a neutral salt spray test, an acetate salt spray test, a copper salt accelerated acetate spray test, and an alternating salt spray test.(1) Neutral salt spray test (NSS test) is one of the earliest applications in the field of accelerated corrosion test. It uses a 5% aqueous solution of sodium chloride solution, and the pH of the solution is adjusted to a neutral range (6-7) as a solution for spraying. The test temperature is taken at 35 ° C, and the sedimentation rate of the salt spray is required to be between 1 and 2 ml / 80 cm 2 · h.(2) The acetate spray test (ASS test) was developed on the basis of a neutral salt spray test. It is to add some glacial acetic acid to the 5% sodium chloride solution, the pH value of the solution is reduced to about 3, the solution becomes acidic, and the salt mist formed finally changes from neutral salt spray to acidity. Its corrosion rate is about 3 times faster than the NSS test.(3) Copper salt accelerated acetate spray test (CASS test) is a rapid salt spray corrosion test developed recently in foreign countries. The test temperature is 50 ° C. A small amount of copper salt - copper chloride is added to the salt solution to strongly induce corrosion. . Its corrosion rate is about 8 times that of the NSS test.The specific time is converted to:Neutral salt spray test 24h ⇌ natural environment 1 yearAcetate spray test 24h ⇌ natural environment 3 yearsCopper salt accelerated acetate spray test 24h ⇌ natural environment 8 years

How many salt spray tests are there?

Neutral salt spray test (NSS);Acetate spray test (AASS);Copper accelerated acetate spray test (CASS);Alternating salt spray test.

What is the salt spray test?

The salt spray test is an accelerated corrosion resistance evaluation method for an artificial atmosphere. It atomizes a certain concentration of salt water; it is sprayed in a closed incubator to reflect the corrosion resistance of the sample to be tested by observing the change of the sample to be placed in the box for a period of time. It is an accelerated test. The method has the salt concentration of the chloride in the salt spray environment, which is several times or several times of the salt content of the general natural environment, so that the corrosion rate is greatly improved, and the salt spray test is performed on the product, and the time for obtaining the result is also greatly shortened. When testing a product sample in a natural environment, the corrosion time may take one year or even several years, and in a simulated simulated salt spray environment, similar results can be obtained in a few days or even hours.